Energy grade line represent and
total available energy in the system (potential energy plus kinetic energy).
Can be expressed as :-
Hydraulic grade line, a measure of
flow energy is :-
- a line coinciding the level of flowing water at any point along the open channel.
- In closed conduits flowing under pressure, the hydraulic grade line is the level to which water would rise in a vertical tube (open to atmospheric pressure) at any point along the pipe.
Can be expressed as :-
Hydraulic Grade Line is determined by
subtracting the velocity head (from the energy
gradient (or energy grade line).
Figure 1 illustrates the energy and
hydraulic grade lines for open channel and pressure flow in pipes. If the HGL
is above the inside top (crown ) of the pipe, pressure flow conditions exist.
Conversely, if the HGL is below the crown of the pipe, open channel flow
conditions exist.
Example :-
Energy and Hydraulic Grade Line
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